Koxinga

Koxinga
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Predefinição:Chinês Koxinga ou Coxinga é o nome ocidental de Zheng Chenggong (1624 - 1662), que foi um líder militar no final da dinastia chinesa Ming. Ele foi o militar que lutou contra os holandeses pela posse de Taiwan em 1662.

Biografia

Estátua de Koxinga, perto de Xiamen.

Koxinga nasceu em 1624, em Hirado, Província de Nagasaki, no Japão. Aos sete anos de idade, mudou-se para Quanzhou, na Província de Fujian, na China. A 1 de Fevereiro de 1662, o governador holandês de Taiwan, rendeu-se para Koxinga. Esse fato terminou com 38 anos de dominação holandesa na região.

Ele tem sido considerado um herói nacional na China por ter expulso os holandeses de Taiwan e restabelecido o controle chinês na região.

Bibliografia

• Andrade, Tonio (2005). «Chapter 10: The Beginning of the End». How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. [S.l.]: Columbia University Press 
• Andrade, Tonio (2011). Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory over the West. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14455-9 
• Campbell, William (1903). Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island. London: Kegan Paul. LCCN 04007338 
• Chang, Hsiu-Jung (1995). The English factory in Taiwan, 1670–1685. Taipei, Taiwan: National Taiwan University. ISBN 9789579019873 
• Clements, Jonathan (2004). Coxinga and the Fall of the Ming Dynasty. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-3269-1 
• Croizier, Ralph C. (1977). Koxinga and Chinese Nationalism History, Myth, and the Hero. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-50566-7 
• Davidson, James W. (1903). «Chapter IV: The Kingdom of Koxinga: 1662–1683». The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1887893. OL 6931635M 
• Keene, Donald (1950). The Battles of Coxinga: Chikamatsu's Puppet Play, Its Background and Importance. London: Taylor’s Foreign Press 
• Meij, Philip. Daghregister van Philip Meij: Het naervolgende sijnde 't geene per memorie onthouden van 't gepasseerde in 't geweldigh overvallen des Chinesen mandorijns Cocxinja op Formosa en geduijrende ons gevanckenis, beginnende 30 April 1661 en eijndigende 4 Februarij 1662. Dutch National Archive, VOC 1238: 848–914.
• Paske-Smith, M. Western Barbarians in Japan and Formosa in Tokugawa Days, 1603–1868. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1968.
• Wang Chong (2008). Interpreting Zheng Chenggong: The Politics of Dramatizing a Historical Figure in Japan, China, and Taiwan (1700–1963) (em German). [S.l.]: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller. ISBN 978-3-639-09266-0  !CS1 manut: Língua não reconhecida (link)
• Struve, Lynn A. (1984). The Southern Ming 1644–1662. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03057-0 
• Struve, Lynn A. (1993). Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tiger's Jaws. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07553-3 
• Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2009). «Chapter 2: Taiwan's Seventeenth-Century Rulers: The Dutch, the Spaniards, and Koxinga». Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West. [S.l.]: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 19–45. ISBN 978-0-7656-2328-7 
• Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C., eds. (1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty 1368–1644. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. OCLC 461974161 
• Wills, John E. Jr. (1974). Pepper, Guns, and Parleys: The Dutch East India Company and China, 1622–1681. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 122361616